Normalization is a fundamental principle in relational database design that reduces redundancy and improves data integrity. This article explains the concept of normalization, including the first, second, and third normal forms (1NF, 2NF, 3NF), as well as higher forms. It also discusses when to denormalize for performance reasons and the impact of normalization on query efficiency. Proper database design ensures easier maintenance, scalability, and consistency of your applications’ data.